白话DCS和PLC如何选择？ 点击：779 | 回复：10
发表于：2010-07-13 09:11:10
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Colloquialling DCS and PLC how to s elect?
You must automate a process, but you can"t decide between a DCS and a PLC. Are these systems really all that different? The answers depend on a slew of other questions.
Turn the clock back 10 years: The programmable logic controller (PLC) is king of machine control while the distributed control system (DCS) dominates process control. If you manufacture plastic widgets, you speak PLC. If you produce chemicals, you speak DCS.
Today, the two technologies share kingdoms as the functional lines between them continue to blur. We now use each where the other used to rule. However, PLCs still dominate high-speed machine control, and DCSs prevail in complex continuous processes.
The early DCS looked dramatically different from the early PLC (Fig. 1, original article). Initially, the DCS performed the control functions of the analog panel instruments it replaced, and its interface mimicked their panel displays. DCSs then gained sequence logic capabilities to control batch processes as well as continuous ones. DCSs performed hundreds of analog measurements and controlled dozens of analog outputs, using multi-variable Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control. With the same 8-bit microprocessor technology that gave rise to the DCS, PLCs began replacing conventional relay/solid-state logic in machine control. PLCs dealt with contact input/output (I/O) and started/stopped motors by performing Boolean logic calculations.
Fig. 2 (original article ) gives a Venn-diagrammatic picture of the situation, which is still changing as PLC and DCS vendors adapt to "soft" PLC technology and "smart" bus-connected field devices.
The big change in DCS over the past 20 years is its move from proprietary hardware to the personal computer (PC) and standard LAN technologies. With each advance in PC power, DCSs have moved up in power. PCs gave us speedy, responsive, multi-media, windowed, operator-process interfaces (OPI). Relational databases and spreadsheet software enhance the ability of DCSs to store and manipulate data. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology gives us "smart" alarming. Today"s DCS architecturally looks much like the DCS of 20 years ago, but tomorrow"s DCS may control through networked "smart" devices-with no I/O hardware of its own.
The sidebar (original article) shows DCS features that differentiate it from the PLC. Most DCSs offer redundant controllers, networks, and I/Os. Most give you "built-in" redundancy and diagnostic features, with no need for user-written logic.
DCSs allow centralized configuration from the operator or engineering console in the control room. You can change programming offline, and download without restarting the system for the change to be effective.
DCSs allow inter-controller communications. You can do data exchange in most DCS systems ad hoc (no need for predefined data point lists). You access data by tag name, regardless of hardware or location.
DCSs use multi-tasking operating systems, so you can download and run applications aside from the real-time control functions and still do fractional-second control. DCSs now come in "micro" systems, to price-compete with PLCs-but with full DCS features and capabilities. <
You must automate a process, but you can"t decide between a DCS and a PLC. Are these systems really all that different? The answers depend on a slew of other questions.
Turn the clock back 10 years: The programmable logic controller (PLC) is king of machine control while the distributed control system (DCS) dominates process control. If you manufacture plastic widgets, you speak PLC. If you produce chemicals, you speak DCS.
Today, the two technologies share kingdoms as the functional lines between them continue to blur. We now use each where the other used to rule. However, PLCs still dominate high-speed machine control, and DCSs prevail in complex continuous processes.
The early DCS looked dramatically different from the early PLC (Fig. 1, original article). Initially, the DCS performed the control functions of the analog panel instruments it replaced, and its interface mimicked their panel displays. DCSs then gained sequence logic capabilities to control batch processes as well as continuous ones. DCSs performed hundreds of analog measurements and controlled dozens of analog outputs, using multi-variable Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control. With the same 8-bit microprocessor technology that gave rise to the DCS, PLCs began replacing conventional relay/solid-state logic in machine control. PLCs dealt with contact input/output (I/O) and started/stopped motors by performing Boolean logic calculations.
Fig. 2 (original article ) gives a Venn-diagrammatic picture of the situation, which is still changing as PLC and DCS vendors adapt to "soft" PLC technology and "smart" bus-connected field devices.
The big change in DCS over the past 20 years is its move from proprietary hardware to the personal computer (PC) and standard LAN technologies. With each advance in PC power, DCSs have moved up in power. PCs gave us speedy, responsive, multi-media, windowed, operator-process interfaces (OPI). Relational databases and spreadsheet software enhance the ability of DCSs to store and manipulate data. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology gives us "smart" alarming. Today"s DCS architecturally looks much like the DCS of 20 years ago, but tomorrow"s DCS may control through networked "smart" devices-with no I/O hardware of its own.
The sidebar (original article) shows DCS features that differentiate it from the PLC. Most DCSs offer redundant controllers, networks, and I/Os. Most give you "built-in" redundancy and diagnostic features, with no need for user-written logic.
DCSs allow centralized configuration from the operator or engineering console in the control room. You can change programming offline, and download without restarting the system for the change to be effective.
DCSs allow inter-controller communications. You can do data exchange in most DCS systems ad hoc (no need for predefined data point lists). You access data by tag name, regardless of hardware or location.
DCSs use multi-tasking operating systems, so you can download and run applications aside from the real-time control functions and still do fractional-second control. DCSs now come in "micro" systems, to price-compete with PLCs-but with full DCS features and capabilities. <
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