《中国学生写英语论文的常见错误总结》读书笔记
标题：
The Most Common Habits from more than 200 English Papers written by Graduate Chinese Engineering Students
原文链接如下：（不能保证是原始出处）
http://me.sjtu.edu.cn/document/Most%20Common%20Mistakes%20of%20200%20Technical%20English%20Papers.pdf

摘要：
本文提出了几种最常见的中式英语习惯，它们是从超过两百份中国学生写的英文论文中观察得来的。文中解释了这些习惯，并且在大部分情况下给出了从实际论文中出现的例子以及正确的用法。我们试图去解释如何去改正和避免这些错误。一些情况下，我们还解释了为什么这些习惯会出现。本文可以成为一个单独的科技论文编写指南，尤其是当很难寻找一个母语为英语的编辑时。
大意
Section 1
a, an, the
冠词后面将跟随一个名词，并且任何冠词与名词之间的修饰词都用来修饰这个名词(a big blue bicycle / the first award)。A和an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。单数形式的不可数名词以及指代一个可数事务的普通名词，它们每次都需要一些限定词（determiner）。
它们的使用方法如下图所示：
Incorrect
Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on surface of
main and splitter blades.15
Correct
Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on the surface of
the main and splitter blades.15
分析上面的例子，surface是一个单数、可数、没有限定词的特定的单词，因此要用the修饰。而blades是一个复数、可数、没有特殊限定词、并且特定的单词，因此也要用the修饰。
very long sentence
太长的句子不利于读者理解，应该尽量分为多个句子。对于一些参数的陈列，尽量使用列表或者整齐的子句。
Prefacing the main idea of a sentence by stating the purpose,
location or reason first
在句子的前面陈述目的、位置、原因等，而不是陈述句子的主要含义。这样减弱了句子的主旨，混淆了读者的理解。
Incorrect
For the application in automobile interiors, this paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing.
Correct
This paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing for application in automobile interiors.
Tendency of placing phrases which indicate time at the beginning of a
sentence
倾向于把表示时间的短语放在句首。这样是不自然的。
Incorrect
When U is taken as the control parameter, the BDs for Δ =0.0, 0.001, 0.005 are shown in Fig. 8.
Correct
Figure 8 shows the BDs for Δ =0.0, 0.001, and 0.005 when U is taken as the control parameter.
Place the most important subject at the beginning of the sentence for
emphasis
将最重要的主题放在句首以示重视。这样的理解是错误的。
Incorrect
Based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model, the extended STL format is described in this section.4
Correct
The extended STL format is described in this section based onthe triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model.
“which/ that”
‘Respectively’ and ‘respective’
1. Respectively is misplaced in the sentence; it is put before the nouns to which it refers.
Incorrect
Equations 2～6 can be respectively linearized as:……(equations given)…
Correct
Equations 2～6 can be linearized as:……(equations given)…, respectively.
Incorrect
The weights of the two experts are respectively 0.600 and 0.400.19
Correct
The weights of the two experts are 0.600 and 0.400, respectively.
2. Respectively is inserted to express that there is a certain order in which something was done. However, the order is already implied elsewhere in the sentence or does not need to be expressed because it does not add value to meaning of the sentence.
Incorrect
If both the core technology score and core quality score of a bottleneck process are, respectively, below certain scores, then we refer to strategy 1, otherwise, if either is, respectively, above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 2. Similarly, if the core technology and core quality are, respectively, above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 3, otherwise, if either is, respectively, below a certain score, then we refer to strategy 4
Correct
If both the core technology score and core quality score of a bottleneck process are below certain scores, then we refer to strategy 1, otherwise, if either is above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 2. Similarly, if the core technology and core quality are above a certain score, then we refer to strategy3, otherwise, if either is below a certain score, then we refer to strategy 4.
Respectively通常出现在句子的结尾，当两个或者更多的人或事被按照一定的顺序提起或者指定时，使用Respectively。它包含了一种顺序，这种顺序可以是在前面提到的，也可以是被读者领会到的。
例子：
For example: Bobby, Nicole and Da