发表于:2007-09-26 12:39:00
楼主
Occasionally I am asked, "Which cabling is better for Industrial Ethernet: shielded twisted-pair (STP) or unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)?" Both cable types have good inherent noise rejection because of the twisted conductors which act as a balanced transmission line.
STP works like UTP, but you seldom see it in normal networking (where better noise resistance is typically unneeded), because it is less flexible and more expensive. The issue has often fueled a debate between European advocates of STP and American supporters of UTP, but advocates of STP often tout its superiority without examining both sides of the issue.
STP shielding should be grounded at just one end to avoid ground loops (in case the ground potentials at each end of a link differ). These ground potentials are often unequal. In the rare case of an extremely noisy environment, grounding both ends of a link may be required for optimal results.
Since STP encases the signal wires within a conductive shield, you might expect all outside interference to be automatically blocked; but this is untrue. Like an antenna, the shield converts received noise into current which begets equal and opposite current in the signal pairs. If these two signal currents are symmetrical, they cancel each other and no noise is passed to connected equipment. But if the symmetry fails, the current in the cable becomes a source of system noise.
A prime consideration of STP is the need for close attention to proper grounding. STP only mitigates noise as long as the entire link is properly shielded and grounded. However, even a properly grounded system will eventually suffer grounding inconsistencies as equipment is added or is serviced or simply ages. And when the inevitable grounding inconsistency occurs, troubleshooting it can be difficult.
STP should work with Industrial Ethernet equipment specified for UTP, but if you fail to ground the shield properly, the more expensive STP will not work any better and could easily perform worse since a poorly grounded shield will degrade the system by acting as a antenna for noise. STP will work with Contemporary Controls (CTRLink) Industrial Ethernet products.