发表于:2007-03-23 15:00:00
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Control of Large Wind Turbines:
Review and Suggested Approach to Multivariable Design
Shashikanth Suryanarayanan and Amit Dixit
Abstract— Large wind turbines of today are endowed with sophisticated control systems. This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art of control technology used in for variable-speed, pitch-controlled horizontal axis wind turbines. A study of the state-of-the art indicates that in most prior efforts, the multivariable nature of large wind turbine behaviour has not adequately addressed. This paper proposes an approach to multivariable design of controllers which explicitly addresses specifics of large wind turbine design concerns. Problems of immediate interest to the industry are discussed.
I. INTRODUCTION
Wind power is the fastest growing electric power industry in the world [1]. Current global installed capacity exceeds 32000 MW with a projected growth rate of 10000 MW/year for the next five years. The phenomenal growth of this industry can be attributed, primarily, to the rapid progress made in wind turbine technology. Over the last couple of decades, technological progress has led to the development of turbines with high power capture efficiency. Today, many wind farms produce electrical power at a Cost-of-Energy
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4-6 c/kWHr) comparable to that of coal and natural gas based power plants.
For economic reasons, much of the work on wind turbine development has focused on large wind turbines. Typical large wind turbines of today are massive structures (Fig. 1) with enormous blade spans (70-100m in diameter), tall tow¬ers (60-100m in height) with power ratings in the 1-5 MW range. Amongst the technologies that enable realization of these machines, advanced control plays a pivotal role. Modern large wind turbines are endowed with sophisticated control systems which are organized to support several modes of operation such as start-up. shut-down, power production etc.
The focus of this paper is the design of control routines for the power production mode of operation. The control objectives for this mode differ vastly depending on the wind conditions. During low wind speed operation, the goal is to maximize energy capture. However, in conditions where wind speeds ar