总之千言万语，谢谢了

总之千言万语，谢谢了

好,顶!

顶~~~~

hao,来啊,如果有那位来一点常用的专业名词更好

久旱逢甘霖。

久旱逢甘霖。

好帖!赞! 收藏先!

好贴，谢谢你了

认真看一下

只到P? 往下呢？

谢谢! 很有帮助!!! 谢谢!!

老实说，这些基本的东西还是最有用的，不管是对初学的还是老手！！

好赞得帖子。 多多益善，谢谢！

这个帖子发了快一年了，还不断有人往上顶，呵呵！这个帖子不全，我搜到了下边的，补充一下，不知道是否全了。我就接着processor-specific（处理器定制）往下续： processor-specific（处理器定制） A piece of software that is highly dependent on the processor on which it will be run. Such code must usually be written in assembly language. Contrast with processor-independent. 一个高度依赖处理器的软件，在上其才能运行。一些代码必须用汇编语言编写。相对于处理器无关。 Profiler（明细观察程序） A software development tool that collects and reports execution statistics for your programs. These statistics include the number of calls to each subroutine and the total amount of time spent within each. This data can be used to learn which subroutines are the most critical and, therefore, demand the greatest code efficiency. 一种报告你的程序运行统计数据的软件调试工具。这些统计数据包括调用每个子程序的次数和用去的时间。这些数据常被用来了解哪些子程序是最关键的，并且，由此要求使最好的代码有效率。 program counter See instruction pointer. R RAM（随机访问存储器） Random-Access Memory. A broad classification of memory devices that includes all devices in which individual memory locations may be read or written as required. 随机访问存储器。一个包含了所有每个地址能被按需读写的存储设备的粗略分类。 RISC（精简指令集计算机） Reduced Instruction Set Computer. Describes the architecture of a processor family. RISC processors generally feature fixed-length instructions, a load-store memory architecture, and a large number of general-purpose registers and/or register windows. The MIPS processor family is an excellent example. Contrast with CISC. 精简指令集计算机。一个处理器族的描述。RISC处理器一般的特征是固定长度的指令集，一个负载储备存储结构，和大量通用寄存器，及寄存器窗口。MIPS处理器族是极好的例子。相对CISC而言。 ROM（只读存储器） Read-Only Memory. A broad classification of memory devices that includes all devices in which the individual memory locations may be read, but not written. 只读存储器。一个包括所的的每个地址只能被读，不能被写的存储器的大概分类。 ROM emulator（ROM模拟器） A debugging tool that takes the place of-or emulates-the ROM on your target board. A ROM emulator acts very much like a debug monitor, except that it includes its own serial or network connection to the host. 一种在你的目标板上代替或模拟ROM的调试工具。ROM模拟器动作起来象一个除错监视器，除了它包含自己连到主机上的串口或网络外。 ROM monitor See debug monitor. RTOS（实时操作系统） Real-Time Operating System. An operating system designed specifically for use in real-time systems. 实时操作系统。一种被特殊设计来用在实时系统中的操作系统。 race condition（竞争状态） A situation in which the outcome of a program may be affected by the exact order in which the instructions are executed. Race conditions are only an issue where interrupts and/or preemption are possible and where critical sections exist. 一种程序运行的结果可能被指令执行的顺序影响的情形。竞争状态仅仅有一种情况下产生，在此处中断或（和）优先抢占是充许的并且有一个临界区存在。 real-time system（实时系统） Any computer system, embedded or otherwise, that has deadlines. The following question can be used to distinguish real-time systems from the rest: "Is a late answer as bad, or even worse, than a wrong answer?" In other words, what happens if the computation doesn"t finish in time? If nothing bad happens, it"s not a real-time system. If someone dies or the mission fails, it"s generally considered "hard" real-time, which is meant to imply that the system has "hard" deadlines. Everything in between is "soft" real-time. 任何计算机系统，嵌入的或其他的，有一个死线。以下的问题可经被用来区分实时系统与其他的系统：“是迟到的回答坏，还是一个错误的回答坏？”换句话说，如果计算机没有在指定时间内完成它的工作会发生什么？如果什么也没有发生，它不是一个实时系统。如果一些人死或任务失败，它被认为是“硬”实时系统，意思是系统有一个“硬”死线。介于两者之间的是“软”实时系统。 Recursive（递归） Said of software that calls itself. Recursion should generally be avoided in an embedded system, since it frequently requires a large stack. 自己调用自己的程序的说法。递归一般在嵌入式系统中是不充许的，因为它常常占有大量的堆栈空间。 Reentrant（可再入的） Said of software that can be executed multiple times simultaneously. A reentrant function can be safely called recursively or from multiple tasks. The key to making code reentrant is to ensure mutual exclusion whenever accessing global variables or shared registers. 可同时多次运行的程序的说法。可再入的函数可以被安全地递归调用或由多任务多次调用。使代码可再入的关键在于确保在访问全局变量或共享寄存器时互斥现象发生。 Register（寄存器） A memory location that is part of a processor or an I/O device. In other words, it"s not normal memory. Generally, each bit or set of bits within the register controls some behavior of the larger device. 是处理器或I/O设备一部分的储存器的地址。换句话说，不是标准的储存器。一般地，在寄存器控制每一二进制位或二进制位的集控制大量设备的一些行为。 Relocatable（可重定位的） A file containing object code that is almost ready for execution on the target. The final step is to use a locator to fix the remaining relocatable addresses within the code. The result of that process is an executable. 包含几乎可以准备好在目标机上运行的目标代码的文件。最后一步是使用定位程序去整理保留在代码中的可重定位地址。这个步骤的结果是一个可执行的程序。 reset address（重启地址） The address from which the first instruction will be fetched after the processor is powered on or reset. 一个处理器上电或重启后第一个指令能被从之取出来的地址。 reset code（重启代码） A small piece of code that is placed at the reset address. The reset code is usually written in assembly language and may simply be the equivalent of "jump to the startup code." 一段被放置在重启地址的代码。重启代码一般用汇编语言编写并且可能相当简单，只是与”跳转到开始代码”这样的意思相同。 reset vector See reset address. S SRAM（静态随机访问储存器） Static Random-Access Memory. A type of RAM that retains its contents as long as the system is powered on. Data stored in an SRAM is lost when the system is powered down or reset. 静态随机访问储存器。一种在系统上电时以保持它的内容的储存器。当系统断电或重启时，保存在SRAM中的内容将丢失。 Scheduler（调度程序） The part of an operating system that decides which task to run next. This decision is based on the readiness of each task, their relative priorities, and the specific scheduling algorithm implemented. 操作系统中决定下一次哪个任务运行的那部分。决定基于每一个任务的就绪，它们的优先级关系，和特殊调度算法的实现。 Semaphore（信号灯） A data structure that is used for intertask synchronization. Semaphores are usually provided by the operating system. 用于进程间同步的数据结构。信号灯常常由操作系统提供。 Simulator（仿真器） A debugging tool that runs on the host and pretends to be the target processor. A simulator can be used to test pieces of the software before the embedded hardware is available. Unfortunately, attempts to simulate interactions with complex peripherals are often more trouble than they are worth. 一种运行在主机上，装作目标机处理器的调试工具。仿真器一般用来测试嵌入式硬件可用之前的软件。不幸地，与模拟与复杂地外设进行交互的尝试常常比它们做到的更差。 software interrupt（软件中断） An interruption of a program that is initiated by a software instruction. Software interrupts are commonly used to implement breakpoints and operating system entry points. Unlike true interrupts, they occur synchronously with respect to program execution. In other words, software interrupts always occur at the beginning of an instruction execution cycle. 由软件指令发起的的一个程序的中断。软件中断被用来实现中断点他操作系统进入点。不象真实的中断，那些中断在不防碍程序执行时同步发生。换句话说，软件中断常常在指令运行周期的开始发生。 Stack（堆栈） An area of memory that contains a last-in-first-out queue of storage for parameters, automatic variables, return addresses, and other information that must be maintained across function calls. In multitasking situations, each task generally has its own stack. 一个包含后进先出队列的内存区域，用来存储参数、自动变量、返回地址和其他一些必须在函数调用中进行维护的信息。在多任务情况下，每一个任务一般都有自己的堆栈区。 stack frame（堆栈帧） An area of the stack associated with a particular function call. 一个关联特殊函数调用的堆栈区域。 startup code（启动代码） A piece of assembly language code that prepares the way for software written in a high-level language. Most C/C++ cross-compilers come with startup code that you can modify, compile, and link with your embedded programs. 一个汇编语言代码，它为高级语言写的软件准备好运行的前期工作。大多数C/C++交叉编译器在你可以修改、编译他连接你的嵌入式程序时与启动代码一起来到。 T Target（目标机） Another name for the embedded system. This term is usually used during software development, to distinguish the embedded system from the host with which it communicates. 嵌入式系统的另一个名字。这个术语常常在软件开发期间使用，用来区别与嵌入式系统通讯的主机。 Task（任务） The central abstraction of an operating system. Each task must maintain its own copy of the instruction pointer and general-purpose registers. Unlike processes, tasks share a common memory space and must be careful to avoid overwriting each other"s code and data. Thread（线程） Another name for a task. This name is more common in operating systems that support processes. A task is simply a thread in a single-process system. Tracepoint （跟踪点） Like a breakpoint except that a counter is incremented rather than stopping the program. Tracepoints are not supported by all debugging tools. 象中断点，除了停止程序时，计数器还被增加外。跟踪点不是被所有的调试工具支持。 Trap（陷入） An interruption of a program that is triggered by the processor"s own internal hardware. For example, the processor might trap if an illegal opcode is found within the program. Compare with software interrupt. 一个由处理器内部硬件触发的程序中断。例如，处理器可能在一个错误的代码在程序中被发现时陷入。对比软件中断。 V volatile（动态） A value that may change without the intervention of software is said to be volatile. For example, values within the registers of some I/O devices may change in response to external events. C"s volatile keyword should be used to warn your compiler about any pointers that point to such registers. This will ensure that the actual value is reread each time the data is used. 一个可能不需要软件的的干涉就可改变的值被叫作动态。例如：在一些I/O设备的寄存器的值可能在响应外部事件时被改变。C语言中的volatile关键字被用来警告你的编译器那是一个指向一些寄存器的指针，请不要优化它。这个将确认在数据使用中的每一时间实际的值是要重新读入的。 W watchdog timer（看门狗定时器） A hardware timer that is periodically reset by software. If the software crashesor hangs, the watchdog timer will expire, and the entire system will be reset automatically. 一种由软件定时重设的硬件定时器。如果软件被破坏而挂起，看门狗定时器将超时，整个系统将自动重启。

顶

呵呵，我也顶，多学习，多交流。

好铁!

好贴，值得学习

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