过程工业安全仪表系统的功能安全(Functionalsafty—Safety instrmented systems for the process industry sector)
IEC 61511-1过程工业安全仪表系统的功能安全-第1部分：框架、定义、系统、硬件和软件要求
IEC 61511-2过程工业安全仪表系统的功能安全-第2部分：IEC 61511的应用指南
IEC 61511-3过程工业安全仪表系统的功能安全-第3部分：确定要求的安全完整性等级的指南
　　说明：以下术语摘录自IEC61511标准和相关的标准翻译稿，其中有一些术语在前面出现过，但表述略有不同，差别反映了过程控制领域的习惯与特殊性。 
　　结构architecture
Arrangementof hardware and/or software elements in a system, for example
(1) arrangementof safety instrumented system (SIS) subsystems
(2)internal structure of an SIS subsystem
(3)arrangement of software programs
　　系统中硬件和/或软件元素的安排，如： 
　　（1）安全仪表系统（SIS）子系统的安排； 
　　（2）SIS子系统的内部结构； 
　　（3）软件程序的安排。 
　　资产保护 assetprotection
Function allocatedto system design for the purpose of preventing loss to assets
　　为防止资产损失分配给系统设计的功能。 
　　基本过程控制系统（BPCS） basic process control system（BPCS） 
Systemwhich responds to input signals form the process, its associated equipment,other programmable systems and/or an operator and generates output signalscausing the process and its associated equipment to operate in the desiredmanner but which does not perform any safety instrumented functions with aclaimed SIL≥1
　　对来自过程的、系统相关设备的、其他可编程系统的和/或某个操作员的输入信号进行响应，并产生使过程和系统相关设备按要求方式运行的系统，但它并不执行任何具有被声明的SIL≥1的仪表安全功能。 
　　通道 channel
element orgroup of elements that independently perform(s) a function
　　独立执行一个功能的一个或一组元素。 
　　编码 coding
　　共同原因失效 commoncause failure
failure,which is the result of one or more events, causing failures of two or moreseparate channels in a multiple channel system, leading to system failure
　　由一个或多个事件引起一个多通道系统中的两个或多个分离通道失效，从而导致系统失效的一种失效。 
　　共同模式失效 commonmode failure
failure oftwo or more channels in the same way, causing the same erroneous result
　　两个或多个通道以同样的方式引起相同的误差结果的失效。 
　　部件 component
one of theparts of a system, subsystem, or device performing a specific function
　　执行某一特定功能的系统、子系统或装置的一个组成部分。  
　　配置configuration
　　配置管理configuration management
disciplineof identifying the components of an evolving (hardware and software) system forthe purpose of controlling changes to those components and maintainingcontinuity and traceability throughout the life cycle
　　为了在生命周期全过程中控制组件的变化（硬件和软件）和保持连续性和可追溯性，对进化系统（硬件和软件）中组件的识别规则。 
控制系统 controlsystem
systemwhich responds to input signals from the process and/or from an operator andgenerates output signals causing the process to operate in the desired manner
　　对来自过程和/或操作员的输入信号进行响应，并产生使过程按要求方式运行的输出信号的系统。 
　　危险失效 dangerousfailure
failurewhich has the potential to put the safety instrumented system in a hazardous orfail-to-function state
　　可能使安全仪表系统潜在地处于某种危险或功能丧失状态的失效。 
　　相关失效 dependentfailure
failurewhose probability cannot be expressed as the simple product of theunconditional probabilities of the individual events which caused it
　　其概率不能表示为引起失效的独立事件的无条件概率的简单乘积的失效。 
　　检测到的 detected
　　揭露的 revealed
　　明显的 overt
in relationto hardware failures and software faults, detected by the diagnostic tests orthrough normal operation
　　在与硬件失效和软件故障有关时，通过诊断测试或正常操作发现的。 
　　装置 device
functionalunit of hardware or software, or both, capable of accomplishing a specifiedpurpose
　　能实现某个规定目的的硬件或软件或者二者结合的功能单元 
　　诊断覆盖率（DC） diagnostic coverage (DC)
ratio ofthe detected failure rate to the total failure rate of the component orsubsystem as detected by diagnostic tests. Diagnostic coverage does not includeany faults detected by proof tests.
　　诊断测试检测到的部件或子系统的失效率与总失效率之比。诊断覆盖率不包含由检验测试检测到的任何故障。 
　　多样性 diversity
existenceof different means performing a required function
　　执行一个要求功能存在不同方法。 
　　电气/电子/可编程电子（E/E/PE） 
electrical/electronic/programmableelectronic
based onelectrical (E) and/or electronic (E) and/or programmable electronic (PE)technology
　　基于电气（E）和/或电子（E）和/或可编程电子（PE）技术。 
　　误差 error
discrepancybetween a computed, observed or measured value or condition and the true,specified or theoretically correct value or condition
　　计算出的、观测到的和测量到的值或条件，和真实的、规定的或理论上正确的值或条件之间的差异。 
　　外部风险降低设施external risk reduction facilities

measuresto reduce or mitigate the risks, which are separate and distinct from the SIS
　　与SIS分离且性质不同的降低或减少风险的措施。 
　　失效 failure
　　termination of the abilityof a functional unit to perform a required function
　　功能单元执行一个要求功能的能力的终止。 
　　故障 fault
　　abnormal condition that maycause a reduction in, or loss of, the capability of a functional unit toperform a required function
　　可能引起功能单元执行要求功能的能力降低或丧失的异常状况。 
　　故障避免 fault avoidance
　　use of techniques andprocedures which aim to avoid the introduction of faults during any phase ofthe safety life cycle of the safety instrum ented system
　　在安全仪表系统安全生命周期的任何阶段中为避免引入故障而使用的技术和程序。 
　　故障裕度 fault tolerance
　　ability of a functionalunit to continue to perform a required function in the presence of faults orerrors
　　在出现故障或误差的情况下，功能单元继续执行要求功能的能力。 
　　最终元件 final element
　　part of a safetyinstrumented system which implements the physical action necessary to achieve asafe state
　　执行实现某种安全状态所必需的实际动作的安全仪表系统的组成部分。 
　　功能安全 functional safety
　　part of the overall safetyrelating to the process and the BPCS which depends on the correct functioningof the SIS and other protection layers
　　与过程和BPCS有关的整体安全的组成部分，它取决于SIS和其他保护层的正确功能执行。 
　　功能安全评估 functional safetyassessment
　　investigation, based onevidence, to judge the functional safety achieved by one or more protectionlayers
　　基于证据的调查，以判定由一个或多个保护层所实现的功能安全。 
　　功能安全审核 functional safety audit
　　systematic and independentexamination to determine whether the procedures specific to the functionalsafety requirements comply with the planned arrangements, are implementedeffectively and are suitable to achieve the specified objectives
　　对于按计划安排的功能安全要求专用的规范是否有效地执行并满意地达到规定目的进行系统地、独立的检查。 
　　功能单元 functional unit
　　entity of hardware orsoftware, or both, capable of accomplishing a specified purpose
　　能够完成规定目的的软件、硬件或两者相结合的实体。 
　　硬件安全完整性 hardware safety integrity
　　part of the safetyintegrity of the safety instrumented function relating to random hardwarefailures in a dangerous mode of failure
　　在危险失效模式中，与硬件随机失效有关的仪表安全功能的安全完整性的一部分。 
　　伤害 harm
　　physical injury or damageto the health of people, either directly or indirectly, as a result of damageto property or to the environment
　　由财产或环境的破坏而直接或间接导致的人身伤害或人体健康的损害。 
　　危险 hazard
　　potential source of harm
　　伤害的潜在根源。 
　　人为误差 human error
　　失误  mistake
　　human action or inactionthat produces an unintended result
　　引发非期望结果的人的动作或不动作。 
　　影响分析 impact analysis
　　activity of determining theeffect that a change to a function or component will have to other functions orcomponents in that system as well as to other systems 
　　确定一个系统中的一个功能或部件的改变，对该系统和其他系统中其他功能 
或部件影响的活动。 
　　独立部门 independent department
　　department which isseparate and distinct form the departments responsible for the activities whichtake place during the specific phase of the safety life cycle that is subjectto the functional safety assessment or validation
　　在进行安全评估或确认的安全生命周期的特定阶段中，同负责所发生活动的部门分开且不同的部门。 
　　独立组织 independent organization
　　organization which isseparate and distinct, by management and other resources, from theorganizations responsible for the activities which take place during thespecific phase of the safety life cycle that is subject to the functionalsafety assessment or validation
　　在进行安全评估或确认的安全生命周期的特定阶段中，通过管理和其他资源同负责所发生活动的组织分开且不同的组织。